A has died after eating rockmelon (cantaloupe) contaminated with listeria. At least around Australia have now been affected, across Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania.
Listeriosis is caused by eating food contaminated with a bacterium called Listeria monocytogenes. It’s an but can be deadly if it causes septicaemia (blood poisoning) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes around the brain).
are among people aged over 70. The elderly are to listeriosis, as are pregnant women and their fetuses, and those with weakened immune systems.
Past outbreaks raw milk, soft cheeses, salads, unwashed raw vegetables, cold diced chicken, pre-cut fruit and fruit salad.
How does it spread?
Listeria is found widely in soil, water and vegetation, and can be carried by pets and wild animals.
A vegetable or fruit food product can become contaminated anywhere along the chain of food production: planting, harvesting, packing, distribution, preparation and serving.
Even on a farm, sources of contamination can include irrigated waters, wash waters and soil. Listeria for up to 84 days in some soils.
Heavy rains on a crop can splash listeria from soils onto the surface or skin of the vegetable, especially those that grow low to the ground, such as rockmelons.
Listeria contamination can also occur in restaurants and home kitchens, where the bacterium can be found – and spread – in areas where foods are being handled.
Listeria monocytogenes is quite a hardy bacterium. It at refrigerated temperatures and has adapted mechanisms to survive acidic environments such as the stomach.
Symptoms of listeriosis include fever, muscle aches and gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Source: Getty
What are the symptoms?
First, it’s important to note that eating foods that contain listeria bacteria .
Listeria monocytogenes can survive in the body, moving between cells (human phagocytes) for a long time. This is, in part, why there can be a long “incubation period” between ingestion and onset of illness. This but is usually around three weeks.
Symptoms include fever, muscle aches and gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
In severe cases, symptoms can include collapse and shock, particularly if there is septicaemia. If the infection has spread to the central nervous system, more worrying symptoms will occur, such as headache, stiff neck, confusion, seizures and the person may go into a coma. In such cases, the fatality rate is .
In pregnant women, the bacteria are cross the lining of maternal blood vessels and then enter the fetal circulation of the placenta. Infection during pregnancy miscarriage, stillbirth and newborn infections.
Treatment for confirmed infections involves and supportive measures such as intravenous fluids for dehydration.
When infection does occur in pregnancy, the early use of antibiotics can often prevent infection of the fetus or newborn.
But even with very prompt treatment, infections can be deadly in high-risk groups.
Why are some groups at higher risk?
Pregnant women are a special group known to be at higher risk for listeriosis. The underlying mechanisms for why pregnant women are susceptible to listeriosis but it’s thought an altered immune system is involved.
People with weakened immune systems, such as those on cancer treatment or medications that suppress the immune system, are more susceptible to developing listeriosis because their bodies are less able to fight off the bug.
Newborn babies are also extremely vulnerable as their immune systems have not yet matured, as are the elderly, whose immune systems are declining.
Tracking and finding the source
The can make it difficult to track the source of the outbreak. Listeria is able to contaminate a variety of foods, which may have a long shelf life, and listeriosis has a long incubation period.
All ten people in the current outbreak before they fell sick and state and territory health departments were able to pinpoint the source to a farm in the NSW Riverina district.
But it’s not always that easy. The current is the worst outbreak in recorded history with . The source has not yet been identified.
How can you prevent listeriosis?
- thoroughly cook raw food from animal sources, such as beef, lamb, pork and poultry
- wash raw vegetables and fruit thoroughly before eating
- use separate cutting boards for raw meat and foods that are ready to eat
- wash your hands with soapy water before and after preparing food
- wash knives and cutting boards after handling uncooked foods
- wash your hands after handling animals.
- pre-cut melons such as rockmelon or watermelon
- pre-packed cold salads including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad
- pre-cooked cold chicken, cold delicatessen meats, pâté
- raw and uncooked smoked seafood (such as smoked salmon)
- unpasteurised milk or milk products, soft cheeses (such as brie, camembert, ricotta or blue-vein)
- sprouted seeds
- raw mushrooms.
