自 19 世纪初订立「澳洲日(Australia Day)」以来,国庆日的意义经已改变。今天,很多人认为国庆日的庆祝活动应该顾及并承认原住民的历史与文化。
「澳洲日」(Australia Day)
<img height="542" width="700" alt="'Founding Of Australia' oil painting by Algernon Talmadge" title="'Founding Of Australia' -painting by Algernon Talmadge. Captain Arthur Phillip raises flag to declare British possession at Sydney Cove, Australia, 26 Jan 1788" class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782022" itemprop="image" />
'Founding Of Australia' -painting by Algernon Talmadge. Captain Arthur Phillip raises flag to declare British possession at Sydney Cove, Australia, 26 Jan 1788
「澳洲日」纪念在 1788 年 1 月 26 日,菲利普船长(Captain Arthur Phillip)在杰克森港(Port Jackson;现名为 Sydney Cove 雪梨港湾)升起大英帝国的国旗、宣布殖民澳洲。
国庆日
<img height="525" width="700" alt="Children play cricket on Bondi Beach" title="IS tirade urges new attacks in Australia" class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782074" itemprop="image" />
IS tirade urges new attacks in Australia
1994 年,在 1 月 26 日庆祝的「澳洲日」正式成为全国的国庆日,并定为 。对不少人而言,国庆日最适合参与不同的社区活动,或与亲朋戚友聚首一堂、共晋烧烤餐及来一场棒球比赛。
公民入籍仪式(Citizenship Ceremony)
<img height="466" width="700" alt="Australian citizens" title="Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull (C) with newly sworn Australian citizens at an Australia Day Citizenship Ceremony." class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782118" itemprop="image" />
Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull (C) with newly sworn Australian citizens at an Australia Day Citizenship Ceremony.
1 月 26 日,全国多处举行公民入籍仪式。为申请入籍的新移民,成为澳洲公民的最后一个步骤是在 。
「侵略日」(Invasion Day)
<img height="525" width="700" alt="People marched throughout the nation on Australia Day 2016, and called for it to be renamed 'Invasion Day'" title="People marched throughout the nation on Australia Day 2016, and called for it to be renamed 'Invasion Day'" class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782169" itemprop="image" />
People marched throughout the nation on Australia Day 2016, and called for it to be renamed 'Invasion Day'
对于部份澳洲国民而言,尤其是对原住民及托勒斯岛民,1 月 26 日并不是庆祝的日子;相反,他们在这天纪念当年英国殖民他们一直以来拥有的土地。
哀痛的一天(A day of mourning)
<img height="452" width="700" alt="A picture of protestors on the Day of Mourning on January 26 in 1938." title="A picture of protestors on the Day of Mourning on January 26 in 1938." class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782477" itemprop="image" />
A picture of protestors on the Day of Mourning on January 26 in 1938.
1938 年,在 150 周年的日子,「原住民进步联盟」(Aboriginal Progressive Association)成员 William Cooper 及其他示威者举行集会,并称之为「 」(Day of Mourning and Protest)。
原住民的主权
<img height="486" width="648" alt="tent_embassy_0612_aap_wna_l_213335060" title="Indigenous Sovereignty" class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782549" itemprop="image" />
Indigenous Sovereignty
侵略日亦被视为原住民重申主权的日子。每年,全国各地都有游行,抗议澳洲日举办「庆祝」活动、坚持拥护澳洲原住民的主权及社会权益。
更改澳洲国庆日的日子?
<img height="394" width="700" alt="Australia Day protest" title="An Australia Day protest on January 26, 2016." class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782936" itemprop="image" />
An Australia Day protest on January 26, 2016.
社会上不同界别的人士越来越关注,在殖民日庆祝国庆是否恰当。一般而言,其他国家都会将独立成国的纪念日或其他特别日子定为 。 2014 年年度杰出澳洲人 曾经说过:「让我们另择日子庆祝国庆 - 一个所有人都可以平等地参与庆祝活动的日子、一个我们都可以自豪地展现作为澳洲人的日子。」
「幸存日」(Survival Day)
<img height="465" width="700" alt="Australia Day celebrations" title="A woman holds the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island flags at a Survival Day Concert on January 26, 2015. " class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484783039" itemprop="image" />
A woman holds the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island flags at a Survival Day Concert on January 26, 2015.
为原住民及托勒斯岛民,澳洲日的另一个意义是认定,原住民及他们的文化得以保存。
法律教授及 2009 年年度杰出澳洲人 说:「90% 澳洲人认同澳洲日的庆祝活动应融入原住民及托勒斯岛民的文化。我坚信,终有一天,我们可以选出一个更好、更全面的日子,庆祝国庆日。」 1979 年, (National Australia Day Council)成立,负责安排澳洲日的各种活动,包括年度杰出澳洲人奖颁奖典礼。
如欲了解更多关于澳洲日的资料,可按此处。