Interactive

Teb tej lus nug seb tsim nyog koj tej me nyuam saib tej devices ntev npaum li cas?

Tej niam txiv ces yeej muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau tuaj ntxiv txog tej teeb meem ntua yam los ntawm lawv tej me nyuam cov kev siv tej devices. Tab sis ho yuav muaj tau teeb meem dab tsi thiab peb ho muaj peev xwm pab tau peb tej me nyuam tej cwj pwm siv tej devices li cas? Cia peb mus txheeb seb yog li cas?

An illustration of a young girl looking at a computer tablet while lying on her bed

Scroll down to take our quiz on the risks of unchecked screen use for kids. Source: SBS

Tsis hais tej zaum yus laj nrog me nyuam sib cav los sis yog cia lawv saib lawv tej devices li 10 ntiag tiv thaum yus da dej, tej no ces yeej yog tej yam uas tej niam txiv yuav laug txhua tus ua.

Tab sis kuj muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau tuaj ntxiv txog tej teeb meem ntau yam tsis zoo rau tej hluas cov kev saib tej devices ntau yam.

Raws li tej xov xwm tau ntawm tsev kawm qib siab Australian National University (ANU) ces 98 feem pua ntawm tej tub kawm uas kawm xyoo 10 yeej siv tej social media platform yam tsawg li ib lub platform twg, uas tej zaum kuj yuav ua rau lawv ntsib teeb meem ua rau lawv tsis muaj txoj kev txaus siab rau lawv lub neej.
Yeej muaj tej niam txiv ntau tuaj ntxiv nrog xyuas kom lawv tej me nyuam tsis txhob saib tej devices ntev, thiab tsoom fwv Albanese hais tias nws yuav los tsim kom tau ib tsab cai tshiab los , uas tej nom tswv xeev yeej txhawb nqa.
Ntiaj teb lub koom haum tswj dej num noj qab haus huv (World Health Organization - WHO) yeej tau lees paub thiab tias tej cwj pwm quav game ces raug zej zog pej kum haiv teev tias yog ib cov mob thiab.

Txawm li cas los kuj tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm xaus tau lus meej rau cov kev teeb txheeb txog tej teeb meem cuam tshuam txog cov kev siv tej devices tias yog li cas tiag.

Dr Nandi Vijayakumar uas yog ib tug teeb txheeb txog psychology ntawm tsev kawm qib siab Deakin University thiab Murdoch Children's Reasearch Institute tshab txhais tias tej kev teeb txheeb muaj tam sim no ces yeej tsis zoo tib yam thiab tsuas teev ib cov kev teeb txheeb ntawm lwm cov xwb, txhais tias tsuas yog tej xov xwm khaws rau ib lub caij twg xwb.
Tej pov thawj uas teeb txheeb tau ua ntuv zus yeej pom tias zoo li muaj teeb meem tsis zoo rau tej hluas cov kev siv tej social media li uas rau lawv tsis txaus siab rau lawv lub cev ntaj ntsug, ua rau lawv nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv thiab ua rau lawv tsis tau txais kev noj qab nyob zoo.
Dr Nandi Vijayakumar, Deakin University
Vijayakumar hais tias "Tab sis kuj pom tias tsuas muaj teeb meem me ntsis rau tag nrho tej hluas xwb thiab.''

Nws hais ntxiv tias kuj nyob ntawm seb ib tug me nyuam twg muaj hnoob nyoog npaum li cas thiab muaj tej gender dab tsi yuav ua rau lawv raug teeb meem zoo li cas xwb, thiab yeej muaj ib txhia me nyuam mas yeej ntsib ib cov teeb meem rau cov kev saib tej devices no ntau dua lwm cov.''

Lub tsev kawm qib siab ANU cov kev teeb txheeb Generation kuj txheeb tau tias tej txiv neej uas pheej sau ntawv sib tham ntawm Discord mas yeej tsis txaus siab rau lawv lub neej tshaj plaws, thiab pom tias TikTok yog lub platform uas ua rau tej poj niam siv tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau lawv lub neej tshaj plaws. Tab sis vim yeej tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj los qhia tau qhov tseeb txog screen time, ces thiaj yog tej yam nyuaj ua rau tej niam txiv tsis paub tias yuav tswj li cas.

Puas tsim nyog koj txwv tias tsuas pub tej me nyuam saib lawv tej devices ntev npaum li cas xwb? Thiab yog koj tso cai rau koj tej me nyuam saib ne, saib ntev npaum li cas thiaj saib ntev dhau lawm?

Yog li ntawd SBS News thiaj tau nrog tej kws paub zoo txog neeg cov kev xav (Psychology), kws kho mob kho me nyuam yaus, tej media thiab kev kawm tham kom nkag siab zoo txog tej kev taw qhia txog me nyuam cov kev saib tej devices.

Peb thiaj tau coj lawv tej lus taw qhia coj los tsim ib co lus nug!

'Cov kev saib thiab siv tej devices'

Tsoom fwv Australia lub vas sab tswj dej num noj qab haus huv yeej muaj tej lus taw qhia txog lub sij hawm uas tsim nyog pub tej me nyuam saib tej devices ntev li 2 teev ib hnub twg rau tej me nyuam muaj hnoob nyoog soab lawm thiab tsis txhob pub tej me nyuam hnoob nyoog qes dua ob xyoos siv.

Tab sis tej kev taw qhia no yeej raug tsim coj los txhawb nqa kom tej hluas ua physical activity — yam tsawg li 3 teev ib hnub twg rau tej me nyuam hnoob nyoog 1-3 xyoos.

Yog tias tej me nyuam pheej saib lawv tej devices ntau heev ces yuav ua rau lawv pheej coj tej cwj pwm zaum thiab pw tsis tau siv lawv lub cev ces yuav ua rau lawv muaj muaj mob li muaj ceeb thawj thiab mob nqaij thiab pob txha.

Dr Anthea Rhodes uas yog ib tug kws kho mob me nyuam yaus ntawm Royal Children's Hospital ntawm Melbourne hais tias cov kev xyuas kom tsuas pub me nyuam saib lawv tej devices rau ib lub caij twg xwb muaj peev xwm pab kom tswj tau qee yam kev phom sij, thiab yuav siv tau tej cai no zoo dua yog tias sib tham thiab muaj kev pom zoo nrog tej me nyuam.
A before/after illustration showing a child raising his hand in the classroom versus staring at a device in his hand.
Screen use can be a problem for children and young people. Source: SBS / Rosemary Vasquez-Brown
Tab sis Rhodes thiab lwm cov kws paub zoo txog tej hauj lwm no yeej kub siab ntau tuaj ntxiv txog cov kev siv tej devices no coj los ua ib cov kev taw qhia rau tej niam txiv vim tsis yog lub sij hawm saib nkaus xwb thiab.

Nws tshab txhais tias: ''Piv txwv li tej lawv saib ntawd yog tej yam txaus txhawj xeeb, los yog ua rau lawv nyuaj siab los yog tus siab — los sis tsim kev kub ntxhov los sis yog tej duab liab qab — ces yuav muaj teeb meem ntau dua rau ib tug me nyuam uas tau saib tej ntawd dua tej content uas haum raws li tej kab lis kev cai los yog cov kev kawm los sis cov kev koom ua tau ib yam dab tsi.''
Vijayakumar yeej pom zoo thiab hais tias tej content qhia thiab pab kom tej me nyuam koom tau yog cov yuav zoo dua rau rau tej me nyuam yaus cov kev txhim kho thiab loj hlob, yog tias tsuas siv hauj sim xwb.

Thiab tsim nyog yuav tau ceev faj txog qee cov video games thiab qee cov social media platforms, uas yeej txhob txwm tsim coj los ua kom tej me nyuam saib ntawv, vim lawv muaj ib co khoom plig li pheej sau lus tawm tswv yim zoo lor yog muaj cib fim yuav tau ib co tokens (cryptocurrency twg) rau lawv.

Nws hais tias "Cov kev tau saib tej content tas mus li no tej zaum kuj yuav ua rau muaj tau teeb meem thiab tej zaum kuj yuav ua rau tej me nyuam pheej ua raws li tej digital experience uas lawv pom,''

Cov kev siv social media los kuj yuav ua rau pheej muaj cov kev sib piv nrog lwm tus, ua rau lawv mloog tau tias lawv tsis muaj feem koom thiab ua rau ntsib cov xwm txheej sib thab sib zes hauv online thiab.

"Tab sis yog tham rau tej me nyuam feem coob lawm, ces cov kev tau saib tej devices me ntsis kuj yog tej yam zoo rau lawv cov kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob thiab pab kom lawv tau txais kev noj qab nyob zoo thiab.''

Yuav txwv tsis pub me nyuam saib tej devices li cas — thiab puas tsim nyog yus txwv?

Txawm tias raws li xav lawm ces cov kev txwv tsis pub me nyuam siv lawv tej devices yeej yog tej yam ua tau yooj yim xwb, tab sis tej niam txiv coob leej ntau tus yeej tsis tshua muaj peev xwm yuav txwv tau thiab.

Caroline Maxwell uas yog ib tug neeg sab laj txog cov kev pub me rau me nyuam noj uas yeej qhia cov early childhood education thiab los yeej paub zoo txog cov kev taw qhia tej me nyuam cov kev siv tej devices.

Nws hais tias ''Kuv yeej tau pom tias tau ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis zoo rau tej me nyuam coj tej cwj pwm thiab ua rau lawv pheej xav txog lawv tus kheej tias lawv zoo li cas — lawv cov kev hwm lawv tus kheej thiab cov kev txhawb nqa lawv tus kheej.''
Photo of a woman set inside an illustrated mobile phone screen.
Caroline Maxwell uas yog ib tug leej niam muaj plaub tug me nyuam hais tias tej cai tswj pub me nyuam siv lawv tej devices kuj yog tej yam uas ua tsis tau yooj yim thiab. Source: SBS, Supplied / Rosemary Vasquez-Brown
Maxwell tej me nyuam uas muaj hnoob nyoog txij li 5 txog 14 xyoos los yeej yuav tau ua qee yam hauj lwm hauv tsev ua ntej lawv yuav saib tau lawv tej devices thiab yuav tsum tau thov kev tso cai ntawm nws ua ntej tso: Uas yeej tsis pub tej me nyuam saib lawv tej devices rau lub caij thaum tseem noj mov los yog tom qab noj hmo.

Nws yeej lees paub tias cov kev lees paub tias cov kev ua neej nyob ntawm ib thaj teb yaj sab ntawm NSW uas nws tej me nyuam muaj chaw dav heev ua physical activity, yog tej yam yooj yim dua pab kom lawv tsis txhob tau saib tej devices ntau, tab sis kuj pom tias nyuaj kawg uas yuav siv tej cai tswjt sis pub tej me nyuam siv lawv tej devices thiab.

Nws hais tias tej me nyuam ces yeej tsis ua raws li yus cov kev txwv thiab yeej ua rau yus nkees kawg nkaus uas yuav los siv tej cai txwv no.
Thaum uas kuv dhuav heev [ces yog lub caij nyuaj kawg nkaus rau kuv yuav uas raws li tej cai txwv]. Zoo li kuv cia li tsis kub siab txog dab tsi ntxiv li lawm [hiab kuv pheej hais tias] 'kav tsij saib TV thiab cia kuv nyob kuv ib pliag tso.' Vim yog tej yam yooj yim dua.
Caroline Maxwell, Mother-of-four
Rhodes uas kuj yog ib tug leej niam muaj 4 tug me nyuam thiab hais tias, yeej yog tej ib txwm pom tias tej thaum yeej tsis tshua xav txwv thiab yog tej yam ua rau raws li tej cai txwv nyuaj.

"Thiab yog tej yam tsis muaj hmoo uas yeej tsis muaj ib lub tswv yim twg kiag uas yuav daws tau tej teeb meem no. Yog tej yam nyuaj thiab kuj nyob ntawm seb yus yuav nrhiav txoj xub ke twg zoo tshaj plaws los tswj kom luj haum thiab pab kom yus tej hluas tau txais kev nyab xeeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo, ua ke no los yuav tau lees paub tias cov kev siv digital media yeej yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev ua lub neej txhua hnub thiab.''

Puas tsim nyog cia tej me nyuam yaus lawv siv lawv tej xov tooj

Dr Catherine Page Jeffery uas yog ib tug media researcher ntawm tsev kawm qib siab University of Sydney ntseeg tias tsis tsim nyog yuav ua rau tej niam txiv mloog tias lawv yog tus txhawm yog tias lawv cia lawv tej me nyuam tseem yau saib tej xov tooj ua si li 30 ntiag tiv kom lawv khoom ua lwm yam li mus da dej.

Nws hais tias ''Vim yog tham txog ntau yam cuam tshuam uas nthuav dav tshaj ces tej zaum kuj yog ib co kev puas tsuaj thiab.''

Txawm tias tam sim no Maxwell uas yeej siv tej cai nruj heev los txwv tsis pub nws tej me nyuam saib xov tooj los nws hais tias qee zaus uas nws pub nws tej me nyuam saib TV kom nws tau so me ntsis, kuj tsis xav tias yuav muaj teeb meem phem dab tsi rau nws tej me nyuam thiab.

Tab sis Pasi Sahlberg uas yog ib tug zeskais (Professor) rau cov kev ua tus coj rau cov hauj lwm kev qhia ntawv ntawm tsev kawm qib siab University of Melbourne hais tias, tsis tsim nyog muab tej devices rau tej me nyuam tseem yaus heev saib — tsis hais yog iPad los yog xov tooj tes — vim yuav ua rau lawv quav tau thiab.
Before/after illustration of a boy playing with his cat versus him playing a video game in front of the TV.
Muaj qee yam devices, hais tsi ntsees rau tej games thiab ib co social media apps ces yeej yog tej ua rau tej me nyuam quav thiab. Source: SBS / Rosemary Vasquez-Brown
Sahlberg yeej tseem tab tom ua cov kev teeb txheeb Growing Up Digital Australia kom nkag siab tias tej digital media muaj teeb meem dab tsi rau Australia tej me nyuam thiab tej hluas.

Cov kev ntsuam zej tsoom cov kev tawm tswv yim xyoo 2020 tau txheeb tau tias tejme nyuam haus uas kawm primary school txog li ob feem peb muaj tej xov tooj tes (Smartphones/Mobile phones) thiab tej niam txiv thiab tej lees kais feem coob yeej xav tias xav tias tej digital media thiab technologies tau ua rau tej me nyuam tsis qab siab ua lawv lub neej.

Nws hais tias ''Tsim yog yuav tau xyuas kom paub tseeb tias muaj hom phiaj dab tsi yuav siv tej digital devices thaum tseem yau, li play cov memory games, nyeem ntawv, kawm zauv, tab sis tej niam txiv yuav tau nrog saib xyuas.''

Nws thiaj nqua hu kom tje niam txiv kub siab txog tias seb lawv tej me nyuam tab tom ua dab tsi hauv lub ntuj online kom tsis txhob zoo li ''yog tej yam sib cais ntawm ib lub ntuj rau lwm lub ntuj''.
Tsis tsim nyog peb cia tej me nyuam lawv kov lawv tej devices — los sis peb yuav tau txwv tias tsuas pub lawv siv ntev npaum li cas xwb — thiab ua tib zoo xyuas kom peb kub siab txog thiab paub txog tias peb tej me nyuam ua dab thiab lawv ho xav li cas rau tej ntawd.
Professor Pasi Sahlberg, University of Melbourne
Sahlberg hais tias yog tias ib tug me nyuam twg sis kam qhia tias lawv ua dab tsi ces tej zaum yog ib lub cim qhia tias muaj ib yam dab tsi uas tsim nyog tej niam txiv paub txog thiab nrog lawv tham lawm.

Nws hais tias ''Yog peb kub siab ntxov npaum li cas los tsim kom muaj cov kev sib raug zoo li no nrog peb tej me nyuam thiab qhia tias peb xav kom peb tej me yuam ua dab tsi, ces yuav muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov kev sib raug zoo no thiab muaj cov kev sib raug zoo no txuas ntxiv nrog lawv mus txog thaum lawv muaj hnoob nyoog ntau tuaj ntxiv.''

Yuav paub tau li cas tias cov kev saib tej devices ras los ua ib co teeb meem lawm

Sahlberg hais tias thaum los txheeb tias seb cov kev saib tej devices ntawd puas ras los ua ib co teeb meem ces yog yuav tau txheeb xyuas tej ciam tias puas muaj teeb meem rau cov kev siv tej media (Problematic interactive media use - PIMU) hais tsi ntsees rau tej me nyuam muaj hnoob nyoog zog lawm.

Qhov no ces yog kub siab txog tej teeb meem muaj los ntawm cov kev saib tej devices no rau ib tug me nyuam twg tej cwj pwm, piv txwv li seb lawv puas pws txaus los yog pheej coj tej cwj pwm pheej muaj cov kev xav los yog xav ua ib yam dab tsi tas los rov qab ua li qub ntxiv.

Vijayakumar thiaj hais tias cov kev pauv hloov tsis xwm yeem rau tej kev xav piv txwv li tswj tsis tau lawv cov kev xav los yog pheej cais ntawm tsev neeg thiab tej phooj ywg nws nyob nws tib leeg, tej zaum kuj qhia tias muaj teeb meem lawm, thiab qhia tias tej zaum tus hluas ntawv raug cov teeb meem lwm tus thab zes nws hauv online (Cyberbullying) los yog muaj lwm yam cuam tshuam txog cov kev siv social media uas ua rau nws nyuaj siab.
A photo of three children sitting on a couch with their screens in front of their faces set inside an illustrated mobile phone screen.
Tej zaum cov kev tsis kam muab tej devices cia kuj yog ib lub ciam qhia tias muaj teeb meem rau cov kev saib tej devices no lawm. Source: SBS, Getty / Rosemary Vasquez-Brown
Cov kev npau taws los yog cov kev tso tseg tsis ua ib yam dab tsi yooj yim li cov kev play game kum qhia tias muaj teeb meem rau cov kev saib tej screens lawm.

Cov kev pauv hloov rau tej cej pwm pw li pheej pw tsaug zog nyuaj, los yog pheej ua rau tsis qab siab nias siab hlo ua ib yam dab tsi los yog ua rau kawm tsis tau ntawv zoo ntawm teej kawm tej zaum kuj yuav yog tej yam tsim nyog tej niam txiv txhawj xeeb thiab.

Vijayakumar hais tias ''Tab sis kuj yog tej yam tseem ceeb los lees tias tej zaum kuj muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam ntau tshaj lub caij saib tej devices no cuam tshuam thiaj ua rau muaj tej cim li hais no thiab. Tsim nyog tej niam txiv yuav tau xav txog lwm yam ntawm lawv tus me nyuam ntawd lub neej uas ua rau muaj cov kev pauv hloov no, kom lawv thiaj nkag siab tias txoj xub ke zoo tshaj plaws yuav daws tau tej teeb meem ib yam twg no yog txog twg.''

Tej niam txiv txhawb nqa kom txwv tsis txhob pub tej me nyuam siv social media tab sis tej kws paub zoo txog tej hauj lwm no yeej xyuam xim ceev faj kawg thiab

Yeej muaj tej niam txiv coob leej ntau tus suav Maxwell nrog thiab uas yeej zoo siab rau tsoom fwv lub tswv yim uas yuav tsim cai los txwv tias tej me nyuam yaus hnoob nyoog npaum li cas mam pub siv social media, hais tias yog tej yam yooj yim zog ntxiv uas yuav pab kom lawv tej me nyuam tsis txhob tau siv ib co apps twg txog rau thaum lawv muaj hnoob nyoog zog tso.

Maxwell hais tias "Kuv xav tias yog ib lub tswv yim zoo heev, Kuv cia siab tias [xav kom siv cov kev txwv no mus txog ntua] thaum tej me nyuam no muaj hnoob nyoog 16 xyo tso.''
Tej kws thiaj ceev faj heev txog tej no thiab Vijayakumar hais tias raws li tau muaj cov kev teeb txheeb tam sim no hais ces kuj tseem tsis tau paub tseeb tias seb cov kev nce tej me nyuam cov hnoob nyoog kom siab tuaj ntxiv mam tau siv social media no paus yuav daws tau tej kev phom sij ntau yam uas yuav muaj tau.

Nws ntseeg tias tsim nyog yuav tau kub siab tshaj no los pab kom tej neeg paub zoo txog tej digital technology no vim yuav pab tej hluas kom paub siv social media tsis hais thaum twg uas lawv piv siv li.

Rhodes pom zoo thiab hais tias ntau yam uas ua rau txhawj xeeb rau tej hluas hnoob nyoog 14 los yog 15 xyoos yeej tseem yog tej yam txhawj xeeb rau tej hluas hnoob nyoog 16 los yog 17 xyoo thiab —thiab tej thaum ces yeej yog tej yam txhawj xeeb rau tej laus thiab.

Cov kev nrog xyuas kom tej neeg muaj tej txuj digital literacy yuav pab kom tej hluas lees paub tias yog thaum muaj ib yam dab tsi txaus txhawj xeeb lawm, ces yuav qhia rau nom tswv paub li cas, thiab ho yuav pov puag lawv tus kheej tej privacy li cas los yog pov puag lawv lub cim thawj (Identity) hauv online li cas.

Tab sis nws hais tias tsis tsim nyog tej hauj lwm no ua ib co chaw leg rau tej hluas nkaus xwb los yog lawv niam lawv txiv nkaus xwb — tsim nyog tej social media platforms kub siab ua lub luag hauj lwm no los pov puag tej me nyuam kom zoo tshaj no kom tsis txhob raug teeb meem rau lawv.

Muaj ntau yam ua tau coj los hloov kom me nyuam tsis txhob saib tej devices (Xov tooj, tablets etc)

Vijayakumar hais tias thaum nrhiav lwm txoj xub ke los siv kom tej me nyuam tsis txhob saib lawv tej devices, ces tej niam txiv tsim nyog yuav tau xav txog tej me nyuam no tej hnoob nyoog thiab txheeb tias vim li cas lawv thiaj saib tej devices no.

Nws thiaj taw qhia tias tej me nyuam tseem yau ces yuav tau ua ib yam dab tsi hauv online ua ke kom lawv muaj kev lom zem rau lawv lub neej tiag.

Nws hais tias "Cia tej me nyuam muaj feem koom tej txheej txheem no thiab nrhiav tswv yim ua ke kuj muaj peev xwm pab kom lawv tsis txhob saib thiab kov lawv tej xov tooj thiab txhawb nqa kom lawv muaj tej kev xav thiab laj lim tswv yim zoo.''

Nws hais ntxiv tias tej hluas ces yeej ib txwm nyiam sib ntsib sib cuag nrog lawv tej phooj ywg hauv online.
Before/after illustration of a teenager looking at her mobile phone versus speaking with a female passenger.
Tej hluas nyuam qhuav nto nkauj nto nraug yeej pom tias cov kev tau sib ntsib sib cuab nrog lawv tej phooj ywg tseem ceeb heev. Source: SBS / Rosemary Vasquez-Brown
Vijayakumar thiaj hais tias "Tej zaum lawv yeej nyiam mus ntsib thiab cuag kiag los yog nyiam koom kawm ntawv ua ib yam dab tsi ua ke kiag uas cuam tshuam nrog lawv tej phooj ywg thiab.''

Maxwell hais tias nws tau pom txog tej txiaj ntsim ntau yam los ntawm cov kev txwv tsis pub tej me nyuam saib lawv tej devices.

Muaj ib zaug ces nws yeej tsis tso TV hauv tsev saib tag nrho ib term thiab ntseeg tias pab kom nws tej me nyuam coj tus me ntsis lawm.

Nws hais tias ''Tej zaum lawv tau pw ib teev ntxiv lawm ... thiab lawv nyeem ntawv ntau dua ... thiab lawv yeej tsis tshua sib thab thiab sib cav sib ceg ntau lawm. Tsuas yog tias lawv pheej siv tej Lego ntau zog los yog tso tej tsheb ua si pawg lub qhov txhia qhov chaw ncig vaj tse xwb.''

Maxwell hais tias nws yeej xav hais tias ''yog los mas'' nws yeej xav hais rau nws tej me nyuam txhua sij hawm tias nws yeej tau pom tej teeb meem tsis zoo ntau yam tau muaj rau lawv hais tsi ntsees rau cov kev pheej tso cai rau lawv saib tej devices.

Nws hais tias ''Tej zaum ces yus yuav tau hais kiag tias ''tsis pub saib'' rau lawv — txawm li cas los yeej tsis yog tej yam ua tau yooj yim kiag li.''

Mloog tau hnub zwj Teeb (Thursday) 6 pm, hnub zwj Hnub (Sunday) 11 am, los yog koom tau ntxiv ntawm , , thiab . Downloadthiab mloog tau los yog caum

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Published 22 November 2024 6:44pm
By Charis Chang, Kenneth Macleod
Presented by Vixay Vue
Source: SBS


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