Awer Mabil opened the scoring for Australia after nine minutes before Oman equalised via Al Mandhar Al Alawi.
Graham Arnold's side started the second half on the perfect note as Martin Boyle headed home to restore their lead.
Oman continued to test the Socceroos' defence but it was the green and gold that would strike next as Mitch Duke wrapped up the 3-1 win with a goal in the 89th minute.
Australia have now won a record 11-straight World Cup qualifiers in a single campaign with a place in Qatar now firmly in their sights.