The two nations faced off in a tense World Cup playoff in September, with the Australians narrowly advancing, and both will also meet Palestine and Jordan in Group B at the 2019 event.
Hosts the United Arab Emirates, coached by Alberto Zaccheroni, were drawn to take on Thailand, India and Bahrain in Group A while four-time champions Japan play Uzbekistan, Oman and Turkmenistan in Group F.
Saudi Arabia and Qatar - who are currently locked in a major diplomatic dispute - have been drawn in Group E with Lebanon and North Korea. Group D features Iran, Iraq, Vietnam and Yemen while South Korea take on China, Kyrgyzstan and the Philippines in Group C.
The Asian Football Confederation has introduced a prize fund of $15 million for the tournament, with the champions picking up $5 million and the runners-up earning $3 million.
The finals will kick off on Jan. 5 with the final to be played in Abu Dhabi on Feb. 1.
(Reporting by Michael Church, Editing by Christian Radnedge)