Speaking to Kirsty Young on BBC Radio 4's 'Desert Island Discs', Springsteen revealed how fellow musician Scialfa's unique understanding of him led to a "very beautiful relationship".
The US singer-songwriter also opened up about the strained relationship he had with his father during his "chaotic" childhood and into adulthood, and how these shaped his career.
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Springsteen, 67, started working with Scialfa in 1984 when she joined his E Street Band.
They began a relationship in the late 1980s before marrying in 1991 and they have three children together.
He told Young: "Patti is a great songwriter and very distinctive and original voice. Patti joined the band literally days before we went out on tour in 1984 and it was years later, I guess three or four years later, we got together as a couple.
"It was very interesting. I hadn't been involved with another musician before and so she had a lot of understanding of where I was coming from and some of the choices I make and a little bit about the twisted parts of my personality that she knew how to handle and live with better than some of my other relationships.
"It was a lovely beginning to what's been a very beautiful relationship."
Of his depression, detailed by Springsteen in his recently published memoir 'Born To Run', he said it stems from coming from a family of mental illness sufferers.
US rocker Bruce Springsteen credits his wife Patti Scialfa with being able to "pull him back to life" from his depression. Source: AAP
Asked how he comes back from moments that he previously described as being "close to the abyss", Springsteen said: "Patti's very helpful, and sometimes just time.
"Or sometimes the correct medication, you need the right drugs. That can really help also.
"These are all things that can pull you back into your life and certainly in my case how blessed my life has been."
Young asked Springsteen, best known for his hits 'Born To Run' and 'Born In The USA', about his relationship with his father Douglas, who died in 1998.
They had a tense relationship, particularly in the musician's childhood, and he has written that his father "loved me but he couldn't stand me".
Springsteen said: "My dad had a gruff exterior but inside he was really ... he could be quite soft and sensitive.
"The qualities he had inside are things I wore on the outside. And they were just difficult for him to deal with.
"I might have reminded him of his own frailties in some day, or fragility, so it was just a terrible cross-current of emotion that went on between us.
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"We sorted through some of it as he got older and as I got older but it was sad when I was young."
To this day, he still wears his father's clothes when performing on stage.
Springsteen said: "I constantly go back and put my father's clothes on and I walk out on stage and I present some version of him and myself at night to my audience.
"And why am I doing that? I'm trying to find the piece of it that would lead to a certain sort of transcendence over those circumstances that I grew up in.
"These are all things I'm working out on stage at night and why people come to see us."
Readers seeking support and information about depression can contact the Depression Helpline (from 8am to midnight) on 0800 111 757.
