JFK files: What does the release mean for Trump and the US?

This week's release of secret files on the assassination of John F. Kennedy has implications far beyond conspiracy theories.

US President Donald Trump tweeted fourteen times on Saturday, but it was his third thumbed missive that caught the world's attention. 

Mr Trump promised to release long-held secret files on the 1963 assassination of former US president John F. Kennedy (JFK).
But with 'distraction' one of Mr Trump's favourite political tools - especially amid the recent furore over his - experts claim more is at play than simply releasing information to a conspiracy theory-hungry public.

SBS examines the real implications of Thursday's scheduled release by the US National Archives.

What happened?

On November 22, 1963, at 12.30pm local time, President Kennedy was shot twice while riding in a motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas, Texas. 

He was pronounced dead at Parkland Hospital half an hour later.
JFK, left, shortly before the assassination.
JFK, left, shortly before the assassination. Source: Bettmann
Former US Marine Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested the same day but never stood trial.

Two days later he was being escorted to a car in the basement of the Dallas Police headquarters when local nightclub owner Jack Ruby shot him dead. 
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald reacts as Jack Ruby shoots at him in the basement of the Dallas police headquarters. Source: DALLAS TIMES-HERALD
A ten-month investigation by the specially established Warren Commission found Oswald acted alone, but that finding was complicated in 1979 when the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that Mr Kennedy was "probably assassinated as the result of a conspiracy". 

The conclusion added fuel to the fire that Oswald was either just one of those involved or a patsy, or that the American people weren't being told the full story.

Conspiracy theories

A 2013 poll conducted by analytics organisation Gallup found a majority of Americans - about 61 per cent - believe the popular president was killed as part of a conspiracy.

Over more than 50 years, wide-ranging theories have been debated in lounge rooms and more recently across internet forums by members of the public. They include the involvement of US government organisations, the mafia, and foreign powers. 

One such theory claims JFK's deputy, Lyndon B. Johnson, had the president killed for political gain, using his local connections in Dallas through the oil industry to hire multiple gunmen to fire from the direction of the now infamous 'grassy knoll' on the northwest side as it entered Dealey Plaza - where the shooting took place.

Another popular notion is that the mafia was triggered to act because of the Kennedy administration's moves against organised crime.
JFK was given a state funeral in Washington DC.
JFK was given a state funeral in Washington DC, attended by representatives from over 90 countries. (JFK Presidential Library) Source: JFK Presidential Library
Others maintain the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), upset by changes following the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba, took out the commander-in-chief. This theory is often compounded with the involvement of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 

One of the most popular theories though is the involvement of the Communist governments of Russia and Cuba at the height of the Cold War.

This idea is cited by those who point to Oswald's residence in Russia for three years after being discharged from the Marines in 1959, as well as his visit to the Russian and Cuban embassies in Mexico City just weeks before the assassination.

Trump's theory

Mr Trump is a fan of this last theory, even going so far as to accuse rival Republican nominee Ted Cruz of being the son of an Oswald associate during the 2016 election campaign.
Trump and Cruz
Republican Donald Trump and Sen. Ted Cruz, at a debate at the University of Miami, Thursday, March 10, 2016, in Coral Gables, Fla. Source: AP
Trump referred to a photo in the National Enquirer showing Oswald in New Orleans in 1963 handing out pro-Fidel Castrol pamphlets alongside an unidentified man who the magazine claimed was Mr Cruz's father Rafael. The story was uncorroborated and both Mr Cruz and his father denied the allegation. 

Release timing

Academics have noted President Trump's timing in announcing the release of the secret documents, pointing out that the information was already due to be released by the National Archives. 

Joanne Freeman, a professor of history at Yale University in Connecticut, made this fact clear on Twitter.

"Trump can stop the publication," she wrote on Sunday, along with a link to a National Archives' press release from July 24.

"He isn't causing it."

'Politically laughable'

Boston University's Thomas Whalen has written extensively on JFK, with his most recent book released in 2014 titled JFK and His Enemies: A Portrait of Power. 

Professor Whalen shares his fellow academic's view, telling SBS News that Mr Trump's posturing was "politically laughable".

"He's trying to make himself into a big political hero here, but he's required under legislation to provide this information," he said.

The president's only power over the release is to redact information that might compromise national security, Professor Whalen said. 

"Politically he's trying to distract again from his own current problems.

"There's such huge interest in the Kennedy assassination, not just here but internationally, and he needs that reprieve right now given everything seems to be falling apart in the administration."

'Bureaucratic cover-up'

Any redactions on the basis of national security would come at the urging of the CIA and FBI, which could be due to embarrassment on the part of the agencies, Professor Whalen said.

He pointed to the release of FBI documents in recent years which showed a letter written by FBI director J. Edgar Hoover in June 1964 to the Warren Commission, acknowledging the bureau knew about Oswald and should have caught him prior to the assassination. 

"Hoover was afraid this would really tear apart the FBI's reputation and probably afraid it would cost him his job," Professor Whalen said.

The documents due to be released this week may likely raise more questions than answers.

“The big unknown here is what’s in the Cuban archives, and we won’t know that until there’s a government in Cuba that’s more friendly to the United States," Professor Whalen said.

“This is going to create a lot of unanswered questions.”

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By Benjamin Cooper


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