Two million people in Japan were told to seek shelter before the arrival of Typhoon Nanmadol on Sunday, national broadcaster NHK said, as the weather agency issued a rare "special warning" about the powerful storm.
NHK, which compiles alerts issued by local authorities, said level four evacuation instructions — the second highest — were in place for people in Kagoshima, Kumamoto and Miyazaki in the southern Kyushu region.
The move came as the Japan Meteorological Agency issued its highest alert for the Kagoshima region, a warning that comes when it forecasts conditions only seen once in several decades.
It is the first typhoon-linked special warning issued outside of the Okinawa region since the current system began in 2013.
On Saturday evening, Typhoon Nanmadol was classed at the agency's top category of "violent", and was packing gusts of up to 270 kilometres as it hovered about 200 kilometres north-northeast of Minami Daito island, part of a string of remote isles that form the Okinawa region.
'Maximum caution is required'
The storm is expected to approach or make landfall on Sunday in Kagoshima prefecture, then move north the following day before heading towards Japan's main island.
"There are risks of unprecedented storms, high waves, storm surges, and record rainfall," Ryuta Kurora, the head of the Japan Meteorological Agency's forecast unit, told reporters.
"Maximum caution is required," he said, urging residents to evacuate early. "It's a very dangerous typhoon."
"The wind will be so fierce that some houses might collapse," Mr Kurora told reporters, also warning of flooding and landslides.
The evacuation warnings call on people to move to shelters or alternative accommodations that can withstand extreme weather.
But they are not mandatory, and during past extreme weather events, authorities have struggled to convince residents to take shelter quickly enough.
Mr Kurora said even inside strong buildings, residents should take precautions.
20 storms a year
"Please move into sturdy buildings before violent winds start to blow and stay away from windows even inside sturdy buildings," he told a late-night press conference.
Japan is currently in typhoon season and faces around 20 such storms a year, routinely seeing heavy rains that cause landslides or flash floods.
In 2019, Typhoon Hagibis smashed into Japan as it hosted the Rugby World Cup, claiming the lives of more than 100 people.
A notice is posted announcing train cancellations at the JR Hakata Station in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, western Japan and Kyusyu island region, on 17 September 2022 as Typhoon Nanmadol approaches. Source: AAP / AP
And in 2018, floods and landslides killed more than 200 people in western Japan during the country's annual rainy season.
Ahead of Typhoon Nanmadol's arrival, flight cancellations began to affect regional airports, including those in Kagoshima, Miyazaki and Kumamoto, according to the websites of Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways.
Scientists say climate change is increasing the severity of storms and causing extreme weather such as heat waves, droughts and flash floods to become more frequent and intense.
