North Korea has generated an estimated $US2 billion for its weapons of mass destruction programs using "widespread and increasingly sophisticated" cyber attacks to steal from banks and cryptocurrency exchanges, according to a confidential UN report.
Pyongyang also "continued to enhance its nuclear and missile programs although it did not conduct a nuclear test or ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) launch," said the report seen by Reuters on Monday.
The report was sent to the UN Security Council North Korea sanctions committee by independent experts monitoring compliance over six months.
The North Korean mission to the United Nations did not respond to a request for comment on the report, which was submitted last week.
The experts said North Korea "used cyberspace to launch increasingly sophisticated attacks to steal funds from financial institutions and cryptocurrency exchanges to generate income". They also used cyberspace to launder the stolen money, the report said.
"Democratic People's Republic of Korea cyber actors, many operating under the direction of the Reconnaissance General Bureau, raise money for its WMD (weapons of mass destruction) programs, with total proceeds to date estimated at up to two billion US dollars," the report said.
North Korea is formally known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). The Reconnaissance General Bureau is a top North Korean military intelligence agency.
The UN experts said North Korea's attacks against cryptocurrency exchanges allowed it "to generate income in ways that are harder to trace and subject to less government oversight and regulation than the traditional banking sector".
The Security Council has unanimously imposed sanctions on North Korea since 2006 in a bid to choke off funding for Pyongyang's nuclear and ballistic missile programs. The council has banned exports including coal, iron, lead, textiles and seafood, and capped imports of crude oil and refined petroleum products.
US President Donald Trump has met with North Korea leader Kim Jong-un three times, most recently in June when he became the first sitting US president to set foot in North Korea at the Demilitarised Zone between the two Koreas.
They agreed to resume stalled talks aimed at getting Pyongyang to give up its nuclear weapons program. The talks have yet to resume and in July and early August, North Korea carried out three short-range missiles tests in eight days.
The UN report was completed before last week's missile launches by North Korea, but noted that "missile launches in May and July enhanced its overall ballistic missile capabilities".
The UN experts said that despite the diplomatic efforts, their "investigations show continued violations" of UN sanctions.
"For example, the DPRK continued to violate sanctions through ongoing illicit ship-to-ship transfers and procurement of WMD-related items and luxury goods," the UN report said.
