Russia gave holdout Ukrainian soldiers an in the pulverised southeastern port of Mariupol, which Moscow said its forces almost completely controlled in what would be its biggest capture of the nearly two-month war.
Several hours after the 0300 GMT deadline, there was no sign of compliance from Ukrainian fighters holed up in the smouldering Azovstal steelworks overlooking the Sea of Azov.
Having failed to overcome Ukrainian resistance in the north, the Russian military has refocused its ground offensive on the eastern Donbas region while maintaining long-distance strikes elsewhere including the capital Kyiv.
Lamenting an "Easter of War" during an address in St Peter's Square, Pope Francis pleaded for an end to the bloodshed and implicitly criticised Russia.
"May there be peace for war-torn Ukraine, so sorely tried by the violence and destruction of the cruel and senseless war into which it was dragged," he said, thanking those who had taken in some 4 million refugees from Ukraine.
Russia said its troops had cleared the urban area of Mariupol, the main port in Donbas.
The city has seen some of the fiercest fighting and worst civilian suffering since the 24 February invasion, with bodies littering destroyed streets and thousands hunkered down in atrocious conditions underground.
The steelworks, one of Europe's biggest metallurgical plants with a maze of rail tracks and blast furnaces, has become a last stand for the outnumbered defenders.
"The Russian Armed Forces offer the militants of nationalist battalions and foreign mercenaries from 06:00 (Moscow time) on April 17, 2022, to stop any hostilities and lay down their arms," Russia's defence ministry said.
"All who lay down their arms are guaranteed that their lives will be spared," it said, offering the defending "remnants" a four-hour window to leave the plant without arms or ammunition
'Our soldiers are blocked'
There was no immediate response from Kyiv to the ultimatum, though Ukraine's military said Russian air strikes on Mariupol continued along with assault operations near the port.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy accused Russia on Saturday of "deliberately trying to destroy everyone" in Mariupol and said his government was in touch with the defenders.
But he did not address Moscow's claim that Ukrainian forces were no longer in urban districts.
He said killing his troops would ruin peace efforts.
"Our soldiers are blocked, the wounded are blocked. There is a humanitarian crisis... Nevertheless, the guys are defending themselves," he told the Ukrainska Pravda news portal.
If Russia's capture of the port is confirmed, it would be a major strategic prize for Moscow: connecting territory it holds in Donbas with the Crimea region it annexed in 2014.
Russia calls its action a special military operation to demilitarise Ukraine and clear out what it calls dangerous nationalists backed by an expansionist NATO military alliance. The West and Kyiv accuse President Vladimir Putin of unprovoked aggression.
Russia said Ukraine had lost more than 4,000 soldiers in Mariupol as of Saturday. But Kyiv says its total troop losses nationwide so far in the war are less than that, between 2,500 and 3,000. Neither side's figures could be verified.
It was not known how many soldiers were in the steelworks.
Satellite images have shown smoke and fire coming from the area, which is riddled with tunnels underneath.
A view of port facilities and buildings on fire in western Mariupol, Ukraine on 9 April 2022. Credit: Maxar Technologies
Despite the desperate situation in Mariupol, Ukraine said it was holding off Russian forces in other parts of the Donbas regions of Donetsk and Luhansk.
On Sunday, Ukrainian police in Donetsk said that over the past 24 hours, Russian forces opened fire from tanks, multiple rocket launchers and heavy artillery on 13 settlements under Ukrainian control, killing two civilians.
With its economy badly hit by the war, Ukraine has asked the G7 rich nation bloc for US$50 billion in financial support, Mr Zelenskyy's economic adviser Oleh Ustenko said.
Western sanctions aimed at isolating Putin have meanwhile battered Russia's economy.
Forthcoming further European Union sanctions will target banks, including major institution Sberbank, as well as oil, the head of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen told the German newspaper Bild am Sonntag.
