Tens of thousands of protesters turned out in dozens of French cities on Saturday against , but also to protest the restrictions imposed against the coronavirus.
Those joining the demonstrations included activists from the "yellow vests" movement that gripped France for more than a year before the pandemic restricted large-scale protests.
Others were there to stand up for the cultural sector, hit hard by the restrictions imposed to curb the spread of COVID-19.
Also among the protesters were young people calling for the right to hold rave parties such as the one in Brittany that attracted 2,400 at the start of the year.
"I have two reasons for coming today - the comprehensive security law and also to support culture," said Kim, a 24-year-old civil service intern.
"Lots of stores are open, the metro is packed, yet cultural sites are closed, even though we can apply protective measures against the coronavirus, she said.
The demonstrators are protesting draft legislation that would ban filming police activities, which the ruling LREM party of President Emmanuel Macron has said it would rewrite.
Thousands of people gather during a protest against controversial proposed security law, in Paris, France on 30 January, 2021. Source: Anadolu, Getty
But people are also protesting the use of surveillance tools such as drones and pedestrian cameras.
Footage of white police beating up a black music producer in his Paris studio on 21 November has fuelled anger over the legislation, condemned by many as signalling a swing to the right by Mr Macron.
Numbers down
According to interior ministry figures, 32,077 people turned out to protest across France, significantly down on the 133,000 they said attended the largest protest against the measures, back in November - although organisers put the true turnout then at more than half a million people.
Organisers put the fall in numbers down to COVID-19 restrictions, poor weather and the fact that this was just the latest in a long series of such protests.
France has recorded 75,000 deaths from COVID-19 since the outbreak began and the country is bracing for another possible lockdown.
In Paris, the large Place de la Republique was half full, AFP journalists reported, while around 3,000 people gathered in Montpellier, southern France.
At around 5 pm, an hour before the start of the overnight curfew now in place as a measure against COVID-19, clashes broke out between a group of around 50 young people and police.
After being pelted with projectiles, the police used water cannon to clear the square. The Paris prosecutors office said 26 people had been detained.
Hundreds turned out for similar rallies in other cities.
Police spray protesters with water canon as demonstrations against the government's Global Security Bill turn violent at Place de la Republique. Source: Getty Images Europe
The government argues that the proposed law is needed because police officers have become the targets of attacks and calls for violence against them on social media.
But French media say a "new national plan of law enforcement" is being used to limit media coverage of demonstrations.
The proposed security law, which has already been approved by the National Assembly, is to be examined by the Senate, France's upper parliamentary chamber, in March.
