Samia Suluhu Hassan is a soft-spoken, veteran politican unexpectedly thrust from the role of vice president to become Tanzania's first female leader after John Magufuli's sudden death.
Ms Hassan, 61, made history Friday when she was sworn in at a ceremony in Dar es Salaam before a room of dignitaries.
Under the constitution, Ms Hassan will serve the remainder of Mr Magufuli's second five-year term, which does not expire until 2025.
A former office clerk and development worker, Ms Hassan began her political career in 2000 in her native Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous archipelago, before being elected to the national assembly on mainland Tanzania and assigned a senior ministry.
She rose through the ranks of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) until being picked by Mr Magufuli as his running mate in his first presidential election campaign in 2015.
The CCM comfortably won and Ms Hassan made history when she was sworn-in as the country's first-ever female vice president.
The pair were re-elected last October in a disputed poll the opposition and independent observers said was marred by irregularities.
She would sometimes represent Mr Magufuli on trips abroad but many outside Tanzania had not heard of Ms Hassan until she appeared on national television wearing a black headscarf to announce that Mr Magufuli had died at 61 following a short illness.
Tanzania's new president Samia Suluhu Hassan after being sworn in at a ceremony at State House in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Friday, 19 March, 2021. Source: AAP
In a slow and softly spoken address - a stark contrast to the thundering rhetoric favoured by her predecessor - Ms Hassan solemnly declared 14 days of mourning.
She will consult the CCM over the appointing of a new vice president. The party is set to hold a special meeting of its central committee on Saturday.
'Hold your breath'
Analysts say Ms Hassan will face early pressure from powerful allies of Mr Magufuli within the party, who dominate intelligence and other critical aspects of government, and would try and steer her decisions and agenda.
"For those who were kind of expecting a breakaway from the Magufuli way of things I would say hold your breath at the moment," said Thabit Jacob, a researcher at the Roskilde University in Denmark and an expert on Tanzania.
"I think she will struggle to build her own base... We shouldn't expect major changes."
Ms Hassan's loyalty to Mr Magufuli, nicknamed the "Bulldozer" for his no-nonsense attitude, was called into doubt in 2016.
Her office was forced to issue a statement denying she had resigned as rumours of a rift grew more persistent, and Ms Hassan hinted at the controversy in a public speech last year.
A file photo of Tanzania's former president John Magufuli. Source: AAP
"When you started working as president, many of us did not understand what you actually wanted. We did not know your direction. But today we all know your ambitions about Tanzania's development," she said in front of Mr Magufuli.
'Getting things done'
Ms Hassan was born on 27 January, 1960 in Zanzibar, a former slaving hub and trading outpost in the Indian Ocean.
Then still a Muslim sultanate, Zanzibar did not merge formally with mainland Tanzania for another four years.
Her father was a school teacher and mother a housewife. Ms Hassan graduated from high school but has said publicly that her finishing results were poor, and she took a clerkship in a government office at 17.
By 1988, after undertaking further study, Hassan had risen the ranks to become a development officer in the Zanzibar government.
She was employed as a project manager for the UN's World Food Programme (WFP) and later in the 1990s was made executive director of an umbrella body governing non-governmental organisations in Zanzibar.
A file photo of Tanzanias then-vice president Samia Suluhu Hassan during a tour of the country's Tanga region. Source: AAP
In 2000, she was nominated by the CCM to a special seat in Zanzibar’s House of Representatives. She then served as a local government minister - first for youth employment, women and children and then for tourism and trade investment.
In 2010, she was elected to the National Assembly on mainland Tanzania. Then-president Jakaya Kikwete appointed her as Minister of State for Union Affairs.
She holds university qualifications from Tanzania, Britain and United States. The mother of four has spoken publicly to encourage Tanzanian women and girls to pursue their dreams.
"I may look polite, and do not shout when speaking, but the most important thing is that everyone understands what I say and things get done as I say," Ms Hassan said in a speech last year.
Ms Hassan is the only other current serving female head of state in Africa alongside Ethiopia's President Sahle-Work Zewde, whose role is mainly ceremonial.
