Up until last year, whether Tyrone would say yes to plans was dictated by whether he could do it in a hat.
For eight years, Tyrone more or less hid his hair. Even when he was at home, he would wear a hat to hide the balding that started when he was still in high school.
He brushed off just how much it was weighing on him. But it bothered him enough for him to abandon playing high-level football because it meant he couldn't hide the balding.
"The real reason was because I didn’t want to go on the field with a bald head," Tyrone, 24, told The Feed.
"I could barely get out of the house really without the hat."
Tired of people telling him he looked 35, Tyrone flew to Türkiye for a hair transplant. Even in the one-year recovery period, where patients are warned of 'an- awkward-regrowth-stage' Tyrone's confidence had returned, knowing hair was coming.
Like other young men losing their hair, Australia's heftier price tags were out of reach. He was quoted $18,000 in Australia for the procedure alone.
But in Türkiye, he paid $2,500, including airport transfers, the hotel and the procedure itself.
While this type of luxury cosmetic holiday is not allowed in Australia, as it is considered inducement into a cosmetic procedure, in Türkiye, it's part of the selling point.
"You get treated like a king ... the cars I was going in were limousines," Tyrone said.
"They sell it like a holiday."
Irreversible risks
But some Australian specialists are seeing the fallout of these procedures.
Almost every week, Dr Russell Knudsen — a hair restoration doctor said, he finds himself fixing a young man's botched hair transplant after they had gone overseas in search of a cheaper head of hair but have instead returned with a scar — or a bald patch where one shouldn't be.
Dr Russell Knudsen says almost every week he has to fix botched jobs from Australians who have had hair transplants overseas. Source: SBS / Jack Tulleners
Knudsen, the former president of the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, is concerned some men seeking overseas hair transplants are "gullible": accepting what they read on the internet without question, and too cash-poor to consider safer options.
"Young people don't have a lot of money, and they're highly motivated to get their hair back because they think [hair loss] makes them look older and unattractive — and they're going to have trouble finding a partner. It devastates their self-confidence. So they bite the bullet and cross their fingers," he said.
Knudsen said the lower price in Türkiye is being driven by the clinics employing technicians rather than doctors or nurses.
"If you have a more business-orientated model, you don't turn down anybody," he said.
"You can then tell the patient what they want to hear."
Knudsen says sometimes that means promising better results than what is safely possible or giving people unnatural-looking hairlines.
An affordable market for fixing baldness
Tyrone is one of many Australians (typically men) booking flights to countries such as Türkiye, Thailand, Mexico and India which provide more affordable hair restoration procedures than Australia and the United Kingdom.
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Türkiye's Ministry of Health once offered tax breaks and reimbursements that allowed its medical industry to boom, attracting more than a million medical tourists per year. Comparatively, Thailand's cheap operating costs and shorter flights make it an attractive option for Australians.
Most hair transplant clinics provide two services, FUE (follicular unit extractions), where hair follicles on the body are extracted from the back of the head and replaced on areas of balding, and FUT (follicular unit transplantation) — where a strip of skin is removed from the back of the head and individual hair follicles are placed in areas of hair loss.
Tyrone says he regained his confidence after his hair transplant. Source: SBS / Jack Tulleners
A growing interest in hair transplants
While data on the number of Australians who go overseas for hair transplants is not collected, Smile Hair Clinic in Istanbul, Türkiye, told The Feed in a statement it treats about 15-20 Australian patients monthly — a 35 per cent increase since 2021.
Dr Saranon Paisanpan, a hair surgeon from Max Hair in Bangkok, Thailand, said more Australians, particularly aged 30 to 40, had sought his service since the COVID-19 pandemic.
"We have so many international patients reaching out for information, for booking, for online consultations — and Australians are one of the most," Paisanpan said.
The clinic has been in operation for 10 years and Paisanpan estimates that 40 per cent of his patients are international.
Returning with a botched head of hair
Paisanpan said several unlicensed clinics operate in Bangkok with unqualified staff, which can result in botched jobs.
"If you're punching out too much [hair], it may cause a scar on the back," he said.
"If you put the hair follicle in the wrong way, you might have messy hair or an unnatural hairline, always from unprofessional or inexperienced [doctors]."
Hair transplants typically take about eight hours, depending on the method used. Source: Getty / /
"My message is just make sure that you choose reputable hospitals with experienced staff and good reviews."
Cracking down on loose regulations
Türkiye has been a go-to destination for hair transplants, due to less stringent restrictions on clinics before new regulations were introduced in 2023.
"The Turkish system relied on the laxity of the regulations that were being presented by the Turkish authorities. So until they cracked down as late as April this year, it was basically cowboy town over there," said Australian doctor Knudsen.
Knudsen said relaxed laws meant clinics could be operated by non-medical professionals.
That all changed in April when laws tightened on who could operate clinics. Stricter regulations meant clinics had to register with the Turkish Ministry of Health, nominate qualified surgeons and submit each patient's details, including photos and permission to proceed. A US$8000 ($11,600) fine would be issued to clinics who didn't comply.
"The interesting thing is that the market has contracted dramatically in the last 12 months — not really because of the regulations … but because of the amount of bad results that are going out around that have trashed their reputation to a degree," Knudsen said.
Tom gave up on hair treatment medications
At just 19 years old, Tom Robb noticed he was balding and started using hair treatments and medications, but none of them brought his hair back.
"I used to joke with my dad that he had more hair than me at 55 than I did at 20," Tom told The Feed.
Over a year after his hair transplant, Tom Robb has no regrets with his decision to fly overseas. Source: Supplied
The whole process cost $11,000, including accommodation and flights. He was quoted $20,000 to $25,000 for the same process in Australia.
Righting the wrongs of bad hair jobs
Knudsen has treated over-harvested hair transplants on patients who got treatment in Türkiye but were given "zero advice" on how to manage future hair loss.
"If you take most of all of their available hair when they're 25 years of age, we have a diabolical problem when they start losing hair later on because we've got nothing left to move. And where it's been moved is often at the wrong place," he said.
He said the effects of poorly performed operations range from uneven hair growth to future issues like scarring or infection.
Knudsen said there are examples of well-done hair transplants in Türkiye.
"There are people that come back from Turkey with good results ... the caveat is I don't see the happy ones."
A major risk in travelling overseas is the lack of post-procedure care, according to the chair of the Travel Medicine Specific Interest group at the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Dr Nick Zwar.
"The aftercare is limited by the fact that the services are different to Australia — and sometimes people don't stay very long after their procedure," Zwar said.
He said there's also a higher risk of contracting blood-borne viruses and accessing travel insurance that covers medical procedures overseas is difficult.
Türkiye has become a popular destination for Australians seeking hair transplants. Source: Getty / Ozan Kose
An awareness campaign was launched by the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, called Fight The Fight to combat the "growing risk" of unlicensed technicians performing hair restoration surgery.
Better off than bald
Now, almost a year on, Tyrone says the transplant is "life-changing". He has recommended his clinic to other people online, and already he says five have followed suit.
"This hair transplant has made a huge difference, not only in my confidence, but in every aspect of my life," he said.
"I can go out, I still wear my hat quite often, but I can take it off now. I can go to pubs, clubs — and be comfortable not having to think, 'oh, what am I going to do without my hat'?"
