自 19 世紀初訂立「澳洲日(Australia Day)」以來,國慶日的意義經已改變。今天,很多人認為國慶日的慶祝活動應該顧及並承認原住民的歷史與文化。
「澳洲日」(Australia Day) 'Founding Of Australia' painting by Algernon Talmadge. Captain Arthur Phillip raises flag to declare British possession at Sydney Cove, Australia, 26 Jan 1788 Source: SBS
<img height="542" width="700" alt="'Founding Of Australia' oil painting by Algernon Talmadge" title="'Founding Of Australia' -painting by Algernon Talmadge. Captain Arthur Phillip raises flag to declare British possession at Sydney Cove, Australia, 26 Jan 1788" class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782022" itemprop="image" />
'Founding Of Australia' -painting by Algernon Talmadge. Captain Arthur Phillip raises flag to declare British possession at Sydney Cove, Australia, 26 Jan 1788
「澳洲日」紀念在 1788 年 1 月 26 日,菲利普船長(Captain Arthur Phillip)在杰克森港(Port Jackson;現名為 Sydney Cove 雪梨港灣)升起大英帝國的國旗、宣佈殖民澳洲。
國慶日 <img height="525" width="700" alt="Children play cricket on Bondi Beach" title="IS tirade urges new attacks in Australia" class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782074" itemprop="image" />
IS tirade urges new attacks in Australia
1994 年,在 1 月 26 日慶祝的「澳洲日」正式成為全國的國慶日,並定為 。對不少人而言,國慶日最適合參與不同的社區活動,或與親朋戚友聚首一堂、共晉燒烤餐及來一場棒球比賽。
公民入籍儀式(Citizenship Ceremony)
<img height="466" width="700" alt="Australian citizens" title="Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull (C) with newly sworn Australian citizens at an Australia Day Citizenship Ceremony." class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782118" itemprop="image" />
Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull (C) with newly sworn Australian citizens at an Australia Day Citizenship Ceremony.
1 月 26 日,全國多處舉行公民入籍儀式。為申請入籍的新移民,成為澳洲公民的最後一個步驟是在 。
「侵略日」(Invasion Day)
People marched throughout the nation on Australia Day 2016, and called for it to be renamed 'Invasion Day' Source: SBS
<img height="525" width="700" alt="People marched throughout the nation on Australia Day 2016, and called for it to be renamed 'Invasion Day'" title="People marched throughout the nation on Australia Day 2016, and called for it to be renamed 'Invasion Day'" class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782169" itemprop="image" />
People marched throughout the nation on Australia Day 2016, and called for it to be renamed 'Invasion Day'
對於部份澳洲國民而言,尤其是對原住民及托勒斯島民,1 月 26 日並不是慶祝的日子;相反,他們在這天紀念當年英國殖民他們一直以來擁有的土地。
哀痛的一天(A day of mourning)
'Day of Mourning'. Source: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS)
<img height="452" width="700" alt="A picture of protestors on the Day of Mourning on January 26 in 1938." title="A picture of protestors on the Day of Mourning on January 26 in 1938." class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782477" itemprop="image" />
A picture of protestors on the Day of Mourning on January 26 in 1938.
1938 年,在 150 週年的日子,「原住民進步聯盟」(Aboriginal Progressive Association)成員 William Cooper 及其他示威者舉行集會,並稱之為「 」(Day of Mourning and Protest)。
原住民的主權 <img height="486" width="648" alt="tent_embassy_0612_aap_wna_l_213335060" title="Indigenous Sovereignty" class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782549" itemprop="image" />
Indigenous Sovereignty
侵略日亦被視為原住民重申主權的日子。每年,全國各地都有遊行,抗議澳洲日舉辦「慶祝」活動、堅持擁護澳洲原住民的主權及社會權益。
更改澳洲國慶日的日子? An Australia Day protest on January 26, 2016. Source: SBS
<img height="394" width="700" alt="Australia Day protest" title="An Australia Day protest on January 26, 2016." class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484782936" itemprop="image" />
An Australia Day protest on January 26, 2016.
社會上不同界別的人士越來越關注,在殖民日慶祝國慶是否恰當。一般而言,其他國家都會將獨立成國的紀念日或其他特別日子定為 。 2014 年年度傑出澳洲人 曾經說過:「讓我們另擇日子慶祝國慶 - 一個所有人都可以平等地參與慶祝活動的日子、一個我們都可以自豪地展現作為澳洲人的日子。」
「倖存日」(Survival Day) A woman holds the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island flags during a Survival Day Concert at the Supreme Court Gardens in Perth on January 26, 2015. Source: AAP
<img height="465" width="700" alt="Australia Day celebrations" title="A woman holds the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island flags at a Survival Day Concert on January 26, 2015. " class="media-element file-body-content" src=" ;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;mtime=1484783039" itemprop="image" />
A woman holds the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island flags at a Survival Day Concert on January 26, 2015.
為原住民及托勒斯島民,澳洲日的另一個意義是認定,原住民及他們的文化得以保存。
法律教授及 2009 年年度傑出澳洲人 說:「90% 澳洲人認同澳洲日的慶祝活動應融入原住民及托勒斯島民的文化。我堅信,終有一天,我們可以選出一個更好、更全面的日子,慶祝國慶日。」 1979 年, (National Australia Day Council)成立,負責安排澳洲日的各種活動,包括年度傑出澳洲人獎頒獎典禮。
如欲了解更多關於澳洲日的資料,可按此處。 SBS 中文堅守《SBS 行為守則》及《SBS 編採指引》,以繁體中文及簡體中文提供公平、公正、準確的新聞報道及時事資訊。作為一個公共服務廣播機構,SBS 的主要作用是提供多語種媒體服務,為全體澳洲人提供資訊、教育性及娛樂性內容,並與此同時反映澳洲多元文化社會的特色。SBS 廣東話及 SBS 普通話電台節目均已為大眾服務超過 40 年。