Key Points
- Australia Wars oli luk save nomo afta we proklemesen toktok ia ‘Terra Nullius’ oli legally challengem mo overturnem
- Australian Wars hemi wan faet we oli faet long hem o lol ples long Ostrelia, stat long 1788 kasem wantaem long middle pat blong 1930s.
- Ol rikot blong Colonial Kavam mo ol samting we ol Archeology oli faenem i showem aot ol rapis saet blong faet ia.
TOKSAVE: Episod ia hemi gat sam toktok we I tokbaot faet we bae I save mekem samfala lisina oli no harem gud
Taem Kapten James Cook hemi kasem ples ia we yumi save tede olsem Ostrelia, hemi singaotem ples ia se “Terra Nullius”, o wan ples we I nogat man I boss long hem.
Be blong talem stret, aelan continent ia hemi homples blong ova wan handred Aborinijinis mo Torrest Strait Aelanda we oli mekem ap samples handred taosen pipol we taem kapten Cook I mekem toktok ia, ol pipol ia oli kam ‘subjects’ blong British Crown.
Mo hemia nao hemi olsem wan faea we I statem Frontier Wars, wan bikfala faet we ol British settlers oli gat wetem ol indijinis pipol blong Ostrelia, mo bifo I kam ol storian ia oli kamaot be naoia yumi stat blong luk save storian ia.
Wan woman blong talem storian thru long ol movie, nem blong hem Rachel Perkins hemi wan Arrernte ((pronounced AR-RAN-DA)) mo Kalkadoon ((pronounced KAL-KA-DOON)) woman mo hemi pat European heritage. Hemi putum aot wan TV series long 2022 we hemi tokbaot bikfala faet ia we ol indijinis pipol oli faetem akensem ol British settler blong protektem homples blong olgeta.
Ol faet ia we oli faetem ia i mekem Ostrelia i kam nesen we i stap tedeRachel Perkins, Filmmaker.
Even sapos bikfala Ostrelian faet ia tekem ples long ples ia taem fes fala ship I kam shore long Ostrelia long 1788 mo go kasem wantaem long middle pat blong 1930s, faet ia oli neva tijim long ol skul mo oli never wantem tokbaot olsem wan bikfala faet kasem wantaem long ol las pat blong 20th Century.
Profesa Henry Reynolds hemi wan historian we oli rispektem plante mo hemi wan specialist long saet blong ol bikfala faet. Taem hemi stat blong tijim ol storian blong histri long 1966, I never gat wan pat we oli tokbaot ol Aborijinis man long ol histri buk.
“So hemi tokbaot nomo ol Aborojinis long smol pat nomo, ating naoia nao we fulap long yumi I kam blong akseptem ol storian ia mo yumi stap luk save se hemi wan bigfala faet we hemi olsem wan war ia. Be hemi no olsem war olsem yumi save long taem blong yumi tede.”
Hemia from hemi wan guerrilla war. Profesa Reynolds I explainem hemia.
Wajem sot clip blong Australian Wars:
“I gat lukluk I stap se hemi smol tumas mo hemi happen long samfala pat nomo blong yumi categorisem olsem wan war. From oli nogat unifom, I nogat wan army…hemi no wan bikfala grup blong ol soldia beh hemi wan kaen war we I tekem ples.”
Historian Dr. Nicholas Clements, hemi wan wan nara specialist long Australian Frontier Wars mo hem tu hemi talem semak toktok.
“Oli save olsem hemi wan war long taem ia, evri pepa blong colonial kavman long taem ia I tokbaot se hemi wan war, be long 20th mo 21st century, yumi nomo luk hemia. Mo mi tink se hemi gat sam tinktink blong politik we I mekem ol man oli no luk save olsem wan war.”
Mo ol politikol tinktink ia oli go bak long tinktink blong Terra Nullius mo British Loa, Rachel Perkins hemi eksplenem.
“I gat wan conflict of interest long stat taem ol British oli stat blong tokbaot hao oli kam blong putum claim long kantri ia. Oli talem se ol Aborojinis oli kam citizen. Mo wetem tinktink ia oli no save declarem war long ol citizen blong ol. Be blong talem stret, ol British oli yusum military fos blong mekem rod blong tekem ova long ples ia hemi kam wan sakses.”
Ol war ia oli save luk save nomo after we proclaimesen blong ‘Terra Nullius’ oli bin jalensem lo mekem wan overtuned long early 1990s, long wan landmark disisen we oli singaotem Mabo disisen. Profesa Reynolds hemi eksplenem.
Kam kasem naoia, I gat wan popular tinktink se ol Aborijinis oli no onem kraon, so ol faet ia hemi no abaotem kraon from oli no onem kraon from oli nogat legal taetol long kraon. Afta long 1992 mo afta long judgement ia, hemi kam mo klia from hemi abaotem kraon mo hemi ol kaen tinktink olsem ia nao we ol war oli stap stat olbaot, hemi abaotem control long wan teritori mo kraon.”
Dr Clement hemi talem se failure blong British Empire hemi from oli no luk save ol indijinis land owna blong Ostrelia hemi wan bikfala wrong we oli mekem long histri.
“Long stat blong British rul long Ostrelia hemi wan wan side lukluk, from I no olsem ol nara kantri we ol British oli colonisem, oli no luksave raet blong ol indijinis pipol long Ostrelia. Mo from fasin ia mekem se I nogat ol toktok blong negotiate wetem ol lokol pipol mo kasem tede ol lokol pipol oli still faet from raet blong olgeta long kraon.”
Mo from I nogat negotiation, hemi mekem se plante laef I lus from ol faet we I kirap.
Ol colonial rikot mo archaeological evidence we ol expert oli karemaot I showemaot ol rapis saet blong ol bikfala faet ia.
Nasonal Musuem blong Ostrelia nomo hemi gat ova samples 400 bodi blong ol Aborijinol we oli kilim olgeta mo kat katem nogud olgeta.
Rachel Perkins hemi talem se ol pupu blong olgeta we oli laef long taem ia mo oli luk ol samting ia bae oli tinkbaot wanem we I tekem ples.
Plante long ol Aborijinol pipol oli karem ol storian ia wetem olgeta. Oli pasem ol storian ia I kam doan long histri abaotem wanem we I happen. So taem mi stap kroap, mi lanem mo save finis long wan bikfala ded, mo fasin nogud we oli mekem long ol apu woman blong mifala long bifo long Queensland.
Black War
Tasmania Black War I happen long 1824 I go kasem wantaem long 1831 hemi wan bikfala faet we I happen long histri blong Ostrelia.
Dr Clements hemi eksplenem.
“Black War, hemi nem we oli save long hem, hemi wan faet we I happen long wan smol pat blong Ostrelia long wan short taem long histri blong ol war long Ostrelia.
Insaet long Ostrelian War series ia, Rachel Perkins hemi eksplenem se long taem blong Black Wars ia, plante mo indijinis man blong Tasmania oli ded bitim namba blong ol man we oli ded long Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam mo ol peace keeping mission.
Dr Nicholas Clements hemi talem se ol Colonial masta mo settlers oli fraet long ol Aborijinol man.
Abirijinol resistens fos hemi stap mekem plante attack. Kolosap evriwan I save long wan man we I bin ded thru long wan attack blong ol Aborijinol long colonial taem, hemi wan samting we I mekem plante man oli fraet moo li stap tinktink blong lego Ostrelia from ol attack ia.
Be ol European oli stanap strong mo kolosap oli kilim flatem ol indijinis man long Tasmania.
Yumi lucky nomo se tede yumi gat ol indijinis man yet long Tasmania, from oli kilim ded fulap long bifo.
Mo plante long ol attack ia hemi thru long seksuel vaelens. Fasin blong stilim ol Aborijinol woman hemi wan samting we I happen fulap taem, long wan extend we plante historian oli talem se plante aborijinol nesen tede oli still stap yet tede thru long seksuel vaelens.
"Ating stat blong vaelens ia mo yumi se hemi olsem majes we hemi statem faea ia hemi seksuel vaelens, mo hemi stat from long ol colonial settlers namba blong ol man I mo bitim namba blong ol woman. Olsem long Tasmania, I gat 10 o 12 man bitim ol woman. Be taem yu go aotsaet long ol indijinis komuniti I gat ol aborijinol woman we oli stap. Ol woman ia we oli se oli no human, mo I no gat nid blong rispektem olgeta."
I gat samfala we oli wantem lego colony mo go back.Dr Nicholas Clements, Australian Historian.
Eddie Mabo wetem legal team blong hem. Source: SBS Credit: National Museum of Australia
Faetem faea wetem faea
Blong brekem daon ol Aborijinol attack ia long plante ples long Ostrelia, ol colonial kavman oli putum tugeta wan Polis Fos we insaet I gat ol indijinis man we oli trainem olgeta blong mekem ol lokol indijinis komuniti oli fraet. Profesa Reynolds hemi eksplenem.
“So yu mas rikrutum ol indijinis man mo yusum olgeta olsem wan militari fos. Hemia hemi wan wei we oli yusum blong brekem daon ol Aborijinis attack ia. Indijinis Polis Fos ia oli yusum blong samples 50 yia taem oli stap pushum mo putum ol settlement long colony ia.”
Ol indijinis man ia oli wearem ol unifom, oli karem masket mo oli yusum ol horse. Dr Clements hemi bilif se ol waet man oli trikim olgeta. Mo oli yusum olgeta nomo from save we oli gat.
“Namba blong ol man we ol indijinis Polis Fos oli kilim long Queensland nomo hemi stap long Ten Taosen. Be oli stap estimatem se namba ia I hae mo, samples 60 o 80 Taosen we oli bin ded, namba ia hemi hae lelepet mo hemi stap olsem wan rapis war we I tekem ples.
Ol histri ia hemi wan samting we Rachel Perkins hemi mas fesem taem hemi stap mekem documentari series ia ‘Australian Wars’.
“Mi faenem wan note we apu woman blong mi hemi bin mekem blong tokbaot ol famli blong mama blong hem we oli kilim olgeta, hemi wan stori we mi neva harem bifo mo mi neva go long ples we oli kilim olgeta long hem ia, mi neva save long hemia kasem taem we mi mekem documentary series ia.”
Dr Clements, we ol famili blong hem oli settlers, hemi believe se ol Ostrelians oli nid blong mas tokbaot wanem we I happen long bifo mo mekem raet long ol samting nogud.
Even sapos wan famili blong yu hemi pat long hemia o no, be yumi evriwan I pat long Aborijinol kraon ia, wan kraon we oli stilim. So atleast yumi mas plei wan rol blong talemaot histri blong yumi, mo luk save wanem we I happen mo traem bildim ap wan gud fiuja.
Nowhere was resistance to white colonisers greater than from Tasmanian Aboriginal people, but within a generation only a few had survived the Black War. Source: The Conversation / Robert Dowling/National Gallery of Victoria via The Conversation Source: The Conversation / Robert Dowling/National Gallery of Victoria via The Conversation
This content was first published in September 2022.
