Ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- Tej kev hlawv nyom yeej neeg txum tim ib cov kab lis kev cai, thiab kuj pom tias ''tau coj los sim siv'' ntau tuaj ntxiv tam sim no pab kom tsis txhob muaj hav zoov kub hnyiab muaj ceem thiab pab kom av zoo ntawm lub teb chaws no.
- Txij thaum tau rov qab pub tej neeg txum tim ua tswv av ces Australia tej neeg txum tim Aboriginal tej zejzog kuj rov qab muaj cai los siv lawv tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom raws li qhov lawv paub siv, thiab yeej muaj pov thawj qhi tias yeej siv tau hauj lwm.
- Yeej tau txias ntau yam txiaj ntsim ntawm tej kev cai no li pab tswj tej hav zoov kub hnyiab thiab lwm yam. Neeg txum tiasm lub tswv yim no thiaj pab tau tej ecosystem thiab.
Peb coob leej ntau tus pom tias hluav taws yog ib cov kev phom sij rau Australia —vim peb yeej nkag siab zoo txog tej xwm txheej hav zoov kub hnyiab 2019–20 Black Summer thiab tej xwm txheej hav zoov kub hnyiab tsis ntev los no uas kub muaj ceev heev xyoo 2024.
Tab sis neeg txum tim yeej tua siv hluav taws Vim yog cov muaj peev xwm tswj luaj pua, yog cov siv coj los npaj thiab pov puag tej ecosystem, suav cov kev siv hluav taws los tswj tej hav zoov kub hnyiab nrog thiab.
Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corporation chair Catherine Goonack is among those holding the baton of the fire tradition in Australia today. She learnt cultural burning directly from her ancestors. Photo: Russell Ord for WGAC
Catherine Goonack uas yog tus tswj lub koom haum Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corporation tau hais tias:
“Kuv txiv yeej tau qhia rau peb txhua txhua xyoo tias peb yuav tau siv hluav taws hlawv nyom kom thiaj sau tau qoob loo noj. Tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom yeej yog ib feem ntawm peb tej poj koob yawm koob lub neej. Lawv siv hluav taws pab kom lub teb chaws rov qab zoo tuaj, kom tej nroj tsuag rov qab tuaj, thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj tej hav zoov kub hnyiab loj los hla.''
Yeej hu tej kab lis kev cai hlawv no ua firestick farming los sis yog cool burning—tab sis kuj tsis tshua siv txij li thaum tau muaj cov neeg Europe tuaj tswj hwm teb chaws Australia no lawm.
tim li ntawd thiaj ua rau muaj hav zoov kub hnyiab thiab nquag kub hnyiab ntau ntxiv tuaj.
Ms Goonack hais tias "Vim peb tej neeg txum tim yeej paub tias yog tej yam tseem ceeb yuav tau los hlawv tej nyom thiaj pab kom peb lub teb chaws zoo.''
Xyoo 2024 ces nws yeej tau koom sau uas teev txog seb ho puas muaj peev xwm tswj tau tej xwm txheej hav zoov kub nyiab li cas ntawm sab qaum teb Kimberley ntawm xeev Western Australia, ces kuj pom tau tias tau rov qab coj tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom los siv tswj ntau thaj chaw dua lawm.
Nws hais tias "Peb yeej tau tshuaj ntsuam los tau 10 xyoo dhau los no seb yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hav zoov kub hnyiab li cas. Ces kuj tswj tau thiab tswj tsis tau zoo raws siab xav, tab sis tam sim no peb muaj peev xwm rov qab los tswj tau lawm.''
Cov kev teeb txheeb no tau ntsuam tias seb ntau pawg neeg txum tim ua tswv av ho muaj peev xwm siv tej kev hlawv nyom no los tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hav zoov kub hnyiab li cas, uas yav dhau los thaj chaw no yeej yog cov hav tiaj nyom puam khab chaw sov xwb.
Skills of assessing the right timing, and how to burn the right way, survive to this day. Fire walk by Jeremy Kowan, Uunguu Ranger and Wunambal Gaambera Traditional Owner. Photo: Mark Jones for WGAC
Yog tias siv tau tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom no zoo, vim li cas hos tsis coj mus siv kom thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw?
Sab qaum teb ntawm Kimberley thiaj tsuas yog ib thaj chaw ntawm tsawg tsawg thaj uas siv cov kev cai hlawv nyom tswj nrog lwm cov tswv yim uas tau txais kev tso cai siv xwb, tom qab neeg txum tim muaj cai ua tswv av lawm.
Tom Vigilante ces kuj yog tus coj sau cov kev teeb txheeb no thiab hais tias ''tej neeg txum tim cov kev muaj cai ua tswv av yog ib co tseem ceeb heev.''
“Vim tias tej neeg muaj cai tswj lawv tej av raws li qhov lawv xav ua tau.''
“Hos lwm txoj xub ke ces yog tsoom fwv tej tuam chav uas cov tswj tej av los yog tej national parks. Tej no ces neeg txum tim yeej muaj feem yuav nrog xyuas tab sis lawv tsis muaj cai mus tswj kheej kiag.''
Trevor Howard ces yog tus National Manager uas tswj cov hauj lwm Prescribed Burning ntawm lub koom haum Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council (AFAC).
Nws pom tias neeg txum tim cov kev tswj hav zoov kub hnyiab ntawm Kimberly thiab tej hav tiaj nyom puam khab ''yog ib co piv txwv zoo uas lwm cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Australia muaj peev xwm ua tau.''
“Vim yeej tau muaj kev pauv hloov rau 20 xyoo dhau los no lawm.''
“Yeej tau muaj ntau kob hav zoov kub hnyiab muaj ceem heev, tab sis tam sim no kuj muaj peev xwm tswj tau tej hav zoov kub hnyiab no lawm, thiab yeej kub tsis muaj ceem lawm, vim rau qhov neeg txum tim yeej paub tias yuav kub hnyiab rau lub caij twg ntawm lub xyoo, thiab yeej mus hlawv tej chaw ntawd raws li cov kev siv kev tshawb fawb pab.''
Mr Vigilante elaborates on fire management techniques in North Kimberley: “A lot of burning is done by vehicles, some walking in the bush or burning around cultural sites. We also use aircraft because we're looking after close to a million hectares.” Photo: WGAC
Thiaj nyob ntawm tej xeev seb yuav cia tej neeg txum tim muaj feem koom li cas kom thiaj tau txais txiaj ntsim xwb.
Nws hais tias “Vim thoob Australia ces yeej muaj ntau pawg neeg txum tim, thiab nyias yeej muaj nyias cov kev sib cuam tshuam nrog nyias lub teb chaws. Ces thiaj xav kom tej koom haum cuam tshuam ntawm tej xeev ua hauj lwm nrog cov pab pawg neeg no kom nkag siab tias lawv xav ua dab tsi, xav tau kev pab dab tsi, thiab pab lawv kho tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom raws li qhov lawv swm kom haum rau lawv lub teb chaws.''
Hluav taws pab kom av rov qab zoo
Gareth Catt ces yog tus Desert Partnerships Manager ntawm lub koom haum Indigenous Desert Alliance.
Nws yeej tau ua hauj lwm nrog neeg txum tim tej neeg saib xyuas hav zoov thoob plaws rau cov xeev Northern Territory, Western Australia thiab xeev South Australia txij xyoo 2012 los lawm.
Nws tej hauj lwm ces yeej kub siab txog cov kev siv neeg txum tim tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom sib xyaw nrog tej tswv yim tswj hav zoov kub hnyiab tiam tshiab.
Nws ntseeg tias yuav tau xub kub siab los txheeb xyuas tias seb yuav siv tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom li cas los tswj ib thaj chaw twg coj los ua cov kev tiv thaiv hav zoov kub hnyiab.
“Tej neeg kuv tau koom ua hauj lwm nrog yeej muaj tej tswv yim los txheeb seb tej huab cua zoo li cas, yeej nkag siab tias yuav kub hnyiab rau qhov twg thiab seb lub teb chaws ntawd yuav tswj tej xwm txheej ntawd li cas.''
Mr Catt hais tias ''txij xyoo 2019-20 uas tau muaj cov hav zoov kub hnyiab Black Summer bushfire los no'' ces kuj tau rov qab muaj neeg kub siab txog neeg txum tim tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom coj los ua ib co tswv yim tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hav zoov kub hnyiab los yog tsis txhob kub muaj ceem tuaj ntxiv lawm thiab.
Nws hais ntxiv tias “Thaum tej neeg xav txog hluav taws los yog hav zoov kub hnyiab, ces tsuas xav txog qhov uas kub nco pa dub nciab lawm xwb, thiab yuav raug kev phom sij xwb,''
“Tab sis yog ua tib zoo los siv hluav taws tswj tej chaw raws li qhov tsim nyog, ces hluav taws yuav yog ib lub zog pab kom thaj chaw ntawd zoo rov qab muaj tej nroj tsuag xyoob ntoo tuaj tshiab tsis yog ib lub zog txov.
Joint research by members of the Ulladulla Local Aboriginal Land Council and academics from the University of Wollongong found that cultural burns significantly improve soil quality, allowing more nutrients and microbes to thrive. Photo: Paul Jones (UOW) Credit: pauljones
Professor Anthony Dosseto thiaj qhia txog nws cov kev xaiv ntau yam txog tej pov thawj tshiab txog cov kev siv hluav taws los hlawv nyom no.
Nws kuj yog ib tug ntawm ntau tus kws teeb txheeb ntawm uas tau piv tias tsoom fwv tej tswv yim hlawv nyom thiab neeg txum tim tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom ho pab tau tej av li cas.
Thiab kuj tau muaj tej neeg txawj txeeg ntawm tsev kawm qib siab University of Wollongong thiab tej tub koom siab ntawm lub koom haum Ulladulla Local Aboriginal Land Council koom tes los ua cov kev teeb txheeb no.
Ces kuj tau txheeb tau tias tej tswv yim no kuj pab kom tej av zoo. Tab sis Australia tej neeg txum tim tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom tseem yog cov tau txiaj ntsiam ntau yam dua thiab.
Prof Dosseto tshab txhais tias “Piv txwv li peb txheeb tau tias uas rau av tsis tshua tawv lawm yog tias peb siv tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom los hlawv tej nyom ntawm ib thaj chaw twg,''
“Thiab yuav ua rau thaj av ntawd muaj hluav ncaig (carbon) thiab nitrogen ntau dua yog piv rau nom tswv tej tuam chav lub tswv yim prescribed burning. Vim tej no yog tej tseem ceeb heev yuav pab kom muaj chiv rau tej ecosystem.''
Professor Dosseto thiaj hais tias tsis yog pheej coj neeg txum tim tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom los tawm tsam nrog rau tej tswv yim prescribed burning.
Tab sis xav kom peb kub siab txog tej pov thawj thiab tej lus tawm tswv yim txog lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev siv tej kab lis kev cai hlawv nyom los tswj thiab tiv thaiv cov hav zoov kub hnyiab thiab pab kom tej ecosystem zoo — uas tej neeg txum tim tej zejzog yeej tau muaj txoj kev nkag siab zoo thiab siv los tau ntau txheeb xyoo lawm.
“Peb yeej muaj tej tswv yim no lawm, los sis tej tswv yim los tswj hav zoov kub hnyiab no. Thiab zoo li yeej tsis muaj neeg kub siab txog neeg txum tim tej zej zog tej txuj ci no los tau ntev heev lawm, vim lawv yog cov neeg uas yeej tau siv tej tswv yim no tu thiab saib xyuas lub teb chaws no los tau ntau caum txheeb xyoo lawm.''
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